In 2020, Proofpoint observed an increase in BazaLoader campaign volume peaking in October. During that time, we observed specific campaigns correlated to public reports of affiliate campaigns delivering BazaLoader and associated with Ryuk ransomware infections.i Notably, in January 2021, Proofpoint researchers observed a few of BazaLoader campaigns leveraging Valentine's Day themes such as flowers and lingerie. The attack chains required an unusual amount of human interaction before a payload was delivered. While we track a fair amount of BazaLoader delivered by TA800 and TA572, these campaigns are not associated with either TA800 or TA572 and are likely leveraged by other affiliates.
BazaLoader Origin
BazaLoader is a downloader written in C++ whose primary function is to download and execute additional modules. It was first observed in the wild in April 2020 and since has steadily been adopted by more actors. Proofpoint has observed at least six variants of Bazaloader signaling active and continued development. One of the earliest BazaLoader variants Proofpoint researchers identified used ".bazar" top-level domains for command-and-control communication. The ".bazar" TLDs are associated with cryptocurrency DNS named Emercoin using Blockchain services reported in early April 2020. Today, we do not see the same association to cryptocurrency infrastructure, but it is relevant to its provenance.
Valentine’s Day
Proofpoint researchers have spotted multiple BazaLoader campaigns in January and February 2021 involving the tactic of heavily relying on human interaction with different sites, PDF attachments, and email lures. There were a range of lure and subject topics, including compact storage devices, office supplies, pharmaceutical supplies, and sports nutrition, but what stuck out were campaigns that were timely and relevant to the upcoming Valentine’s Day holiday. The campaigns were spread across a diverse set of companies and sectors.
Valentine’s Day, while not abused to the level of other holidays, presents an opportunity for a variety of actors. The FBI Boston field office has posted public warnings of romance scams. While this is not a romance scam, it is an example of social engineering well-timed with the Valentine’s Day holiday.ii
Infection Chain
Figure 1: Infection Chain
The infection chain is consistent in the latest campaigns. The websites the user would browse to are fake, but the actors took care to have the physical addresses in the below images match a near-legitimate location. For example, Ajour Lingerie is not located at 1133 50th St, Brooklyn, NY 11219, but this address is in physical proximity to a legitimate website and physical business called the Lingerie Shop.
Figure 2: physical address to digital website
Lingerie at Ajour
This campaign delivered PDF attachments that references a specific customer order number and associated purchased items which entices the recipient to go to the Ajour Lingerie website. If the user visits the website and navigates to the "Contact Us" page, they are then given the option to enter the order number in the order ID. If entered, the contact page then redirects the user to the landing page that links to and explains how to open the Excel sheet. The Excel sheet contains macros that, if enabled by the user, will download BazaLoader.
Figure 3: Email Lure
Figure 4: Ajour Lingerie
Figure 5: Landing Page
Figure 6: Enable Content to deliver BazaLoader
Flowers at Rose World
This campaign is nearly identical—enticing users to check an order number. The campaign delivered PDF attachments with references to purchases at the Rose World website. If the user visits the website, navigates to "Contact Us", and enters the order number in the order ID, the site will redirect the user to a landing page. This landing page links to and explains how to open the Excel sheet. The Excel sheet contains macros that, if enabled, will download BazaLoader.
Figure 7: Rose World Customer Order Email
Figure 8: Invoice with website
Figure 9: Rose World contact page and enter your order number
Figure 10: Enable Macros to receive Bazaloader
Conclusion:
Proofpoint researchers have observed a steady growth in actors using BazaLoader as a 1st stage downloader. In addition to the uptick in BazaLoader distribution, there is active development of BazaLoader, particularly during the month of October 2020. These recent BazaLoader campaigns exemplify affiliate actors leveraging a loader that is increasingly popular and more reliant on human interaction. Further, the social engineering features rely on the timeliness of the Valentine’s Day holiday and the intrinsic user curiosity to see what they may have ordered. From a technical point of view, we have provided a number of IOCs and ET signatures below as this malware family is used to execute on any number of actor or affiliate intentions, actions, and objectives.
IOCs
|
IOC |
IOC Type |
Description |
First Observed |
|
hxxps[://]cacla2006[.]org/achlom/hamin[.]php |
URL |
Excel Payload |
January 29, 2021 |
|
447b4c867b7147afe178d73adf8113fc33f6399f03707e4308efa36e0859bf86 |
SHA256 |
BazaLoader Hash |
January 29, 2021 |
|
hxxps://52[.]12[.]160[.]92/exceed/requested7/ppd15 |
C&C |
BazaLoader C&C |
January 29, 2021 |
|
hxxps://34[.]220[.]204[.]73/exceed/requested7/ppd15 |
C&C |
BazaLoader C&C |
January 29, 2021 |
|
hxxps[://]www[.]cutedigitalphotography[.]com/vitrum/caretas[.]php |
URL |
Excel Payload |
January 29, 2021 |
|
b6e5f8a1d01bfa0524707ed914409ccb6d28137f05467b3fccb52af02e510f34 |
SHA256 |
BazaLoader Hash |
January 29, 2021 |
|
hxxps[://]18[.]188[.]232[.]155/leading/crisis26/snow11 |
C&C |
BazaLoader C&C |
January 29, 2021 |
|
hxxps[://]18[.]188[.]232[.]155/investigate/discharge/partially2 |
C&C |
BazaLoader C&C |
January 29, 2021 |
|
hxxps[://]homeprojectplanning[.]com/germes/sanertl[.]php |
URL |
Excel Payload |
February 1, 2021 |
|
fd142ad1919c5ca254b75745739a72aaec509afdd74715139ecc60266d7fdd3e |
SHA256 |
BazaLoader Hash |
February 1, 2021 |
|
hxxps[://]52[.]12[.]160[.]92/blog/entry/361446 |
C&C |
BazaLoader C&C |
February 1, 2021 |
|
hxxps[://]52[.]12[.]160[.]92/goods/itemid/124324 |
C&C |
BazaLoader C&C |
February 1, 2021 |
|
hxxps[://]54[.]190[.]50[.]234/organization/round_table |
C&C |
BazaLoader C&C |
February 1, 2021 |
|
hxxps[://]34[.]220[.]167[.]220/organization/round_table |
C&C |
BazaLoader C&C |
February 1, 2021 |
|
hxxps[://]18[.]236[.]86[.]87/organization/round_table |
C&C |
BazaLoader C&C |
February 1, 2021 |
|
hxxps[://]34[.]212[.]73[.]169/organization/round_table |
C&C |
BazaLoader C&C |
February 1, 2021 |
|
hxxps[://]morrislibraryconsulting[.]com/favicam/gertnm[.]php |
URL |
Excel Payload |
February 8, 2021 |
|
b4acd05efadb07351ad853233220bf7f5dd13fbc26fd065d56925c05a42f1927 |
SHA256 |
BazaLoader Hash |
February 8, 2021 |
|
hxxps[://]34[.]210[.]71[.]206/news/article/12422 |
C&C |
BazaLoader C&C |
February 8, 2021 |
|
hxxps[://]34[.]210[.]71[.]206/artists/id/13131 |
C&C |
BazaLoader C&C |
February 8, 2021 |
|
hxxps[://]acegikbcggin[.]bazar/news/article/12422 |
C&C |
BazaLoader C&C |
February 8, 2021 |
|
hxxps[://]acegilbcggio[.]bazar/news/article/12422 |
C&C |
BazaLoader C&C |
February 8, 2021 |
|
hxxps[://]horsehospital[.]com/assebles/hamnab[.]php |
URL |
Excel Payload |
February 8, 2021 |
|
b5d7dc4e53f5242e6354c9e20bba1e49d2b34261f706a8c9c9e1b6b18bff348b |
SHA256 |
BazaLoader Hash |
February 8, 2021 |
|
hxxps[://]34[.]210[.]71[.]206/home/static |
C&C |
BazaLoader C&C |
February 8, 2021 |
ET Signatures
|
SID |
Name |
|
2844993 |
ETPRO TROJAN bazaloader Variant CnC Activity |
|
2844992 |
ETPRO TROJAN bazaloader Variant CnC Activity |
|
2844991 |
ETPRO TROJAN bazaloader Variant CnC Activity |
|
2844795 |
ETPRO TROJAN bazaBackdoor Variant CnC (Checkin) |
|
2844794 |
ETPRO TROJAN Possible bazaloader CnC Activity M3 |
|
2844766 |
ETPRO TROJAN Possible bazaloader CnC Activity M2 |
|
2844765 |
ETPRO TROJAN Possible bazaloader CnC Activity M1 |
|
2844764 |
ETPRO TROJAN SSL/TLS Certificate Observed (bazaloader) |
|
2844763 |
ETPRO TROJAN SSL/TLS Certificate Observed (bazaloader) |
|
2844355 |
ETPRO TROJAN Observed bazaLoader User-Agent |
|
2844246 |
ETPRO TROJAN bazar Backdoor CnC Activity |
|
2843035 |
ETPRO TROJAN bazaBackdoor Variant CnC Activity M3 |
|
2843034 |
ETPRO TROJAN bazaBackdoor Variant CnC Activity M2 |
|
2843033 |
ETPRO TROJAN bazaLoader Variant CnC Activity M1 |
|
2842090 |
ETPRO TROJAN bazaLoader CnC (Download Request) |
|
2842073 |
ETPRO TROJAN bazaBackdoor Variant CnC (Checkin) |
|
2031085 |
ET TROJAN bazaloader Variant Activity |
|
2031084 |
ET TROJAN bazaloader Variant Activity |
|
2030988 |
ET TROJAN Observed Malicious SSL Cert (bazaLoader CnC) |
|
2030820 |
ET TROJAN Observed Malicious SSL Cert (bazar Backdoor) |
|
2030270 |
ET TROJAN Observed Malicious DNS Query (bazarLoader/Team9 Backdoor CnC Domain) |
|
2030269 |
ET TROJAN Observed Malicious DNS Query (bazarLoader/Team9 Backdoor CnC Domain) |
|
2030268 |
ET TROJAN Observed Malicious DNS Query (bazarLoader/Team9 Backdoor CnC Domain) |
|
2030267 |
ET TROJAN Observed Malicious DNS Query (bazarLoader/Team9 Backdoor CnC Domain) |
|
2030045 |
ET TROJAN bazaR CnC Domain in DNS Lookup |
|
2030044 |
ET TROJAN bazaR CnC Domain in DNS Lookup |
|
2030043 |
ET TROJAN bazaR CnC Domain in DNS Lookup |
|
2030042 |
ET TROJAN bazaR CnC Domain in DNS Lookup |
|
2030041 |
ET TROJAN bazaR CnC Domain in DNS Lookup |
|
2029973 |
ET INFO Observed DNS Query for EmerDNS TLD (.bazar) |